410 Stainless Steel (UNS S41000)
Martensitic · ASTM A240/A240M, A276 · Density 7.74 g/cm³
Type 410 (UNS S41000) is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel that can be hardened by heat treatment to above 40 HRC. It combines moderate corrosion resistance with high strength and wear resistance, and is used for valves, pump shafts, fasteners and cutlery.
Chemical Composition (wt%)
| C | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | P | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.08–0.15 | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 | 11.5–13.5 | ≤0.75 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 |
Single values are maximums unless a range is shown. Balance: Fe. Per ASTM A240/A240M, A276.
Mechanical Properties
| Tensile strength (annealed) | ≥450 MPa (65 ksi) |
|---|---|
| Yield strength (annealed) | ≥205 MPa (30 ksi) |
| Elongation (50 mm) | ≥20% |
| Hardness (hardened + tempered) | up to ≈40–45 HRC |
Room-temperature minimum values are summarized for annealed flat product under ASTM A240/A240M, A276 unless a condition is named in the property label; product form and thickness can change the requirement.
Physical Properties & Structure
| Density | 7.74 g/cm³ |
|---|---|
| Magnetic response | Magnetic in annealed and hardened conditions. |
| Microstructure | Martensitic |
Corrosion Resistance & Limits
- Corrosion resistance depends on chromium, carbon, heat-treatment condition and surface finish and is generally below common 304-type austenitic stainless steel.
- Avoid assuming hardness implies corrosion resistance. Chlorides, tempering condition, retained scale and grinding contamination must be evaluated for the part.
Fabrication & Heat Treatment
| Welding | Welding requires grade- and section-specific preheat, filler and post-weld heat treatment to control hard cracking and restore properties. |
|---|---|
| Forming | Carry out substantial forming in the annealed condition and allow for reduced ductility as carbon and target hardness increase. |
| Machining | Machine in the annealed or softened condition where possible; hardened material needs appropriate tooling, speeds and allowance for final grinding. |
| Heat treatment | Final properties depend on a specified austenitize, quench and temper route. Temperature, hold time, section size and required hardness belong on the order. |
Equivalent Grades
The closest international equivalents of 410 Stainless Steel are 1.4006 (X12Cr13) in the EN system, SUS410 in the JIS system, 12Cr13 in the GB system.
These are common corresponding designations, not unconditional substitutes. Verify chemistry, mechanical properties, product standard, delivery condition, dimensions and project approval before changing designation.
| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS | S41000 |
| EN | 1.4006 (X12Cr13) |
| JIS | SUS410 |
| GB | 12Cr13 |
Reference Product Forms & Dimensional Ranges
Common reference product forms for 410 stainless steel: Sheet / Plate, Coil / Strip, Bar.
| Finishes | No.1, 2B, bright bar |
|---|---|
| Sheet / coil thickness | 0.3–3.0 mm |
| Bar diameter | 6–200 mm |
Common surface and delivery options: No.1, 2B, BA or mechanically polished finish when supported by the product route; Hot rolled, peeled, bright drawn, ground or polished bar condition according to tolerance.
These published ranges are engineering references, not a live-stock or production-capability promise. Confirm the required product form, dimensions, condition, finish and supply route in the quotation.
Typical Applications
- Valve and pump components
- Shafts and fasteners
- Cutlery and blades
- Steam and gas turbine parts
Frequently Asked Questions
Is 410 stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. 410 is martensitic (ferromagnetic) in all conditions — annealed, hardened or tempered. Magnetism is normal and does not indicate a defect.
How hard can 410 be heat treated?
Oil quenching from about 980–1010 °C and tempering can bring 410 to roughly 40–45 HRC depending on section size and tempering temperature, with a matching jump in tensile strength.
How does 410 corrosion resistance compare with 304?
Noticeably lower — 410 has ~12% chromium and no nickel. It handles mild atmospheres, fresh water and food-adjacent dry service, but stains in coastal or chemical exposure where 304/316 would be fine.
410 Compared With Other Grades
Organizational author: Tsingshan (Shandong) Iron & Steel Co., Ltd..Review method, status and limitations.
Other stainless steel grades:
304304L316316L201321310S4302205202301309S316Ti347904L409L4204394414442507303317L254 SMO440C17-4 PH2304
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